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Progression of Dementia
People with dementia differ in the patterns of problems they have, and the speed with which their abilities deteriorate. Their abilities may change from day to day, or even within the same day. What is certain though, is that the person’s abilities will deteriorate, sometimes rapidly over a few months, in other cases more slowly over a number of years.
> Early Dementia
> Moderate Dementia
> Advanced Dementia
> Print version of this information
Phases of the condition
Some of the features of dementia are commonly classified into three stages or phases. It is important to remember that not all of these features will be present in every person, nor will every person go through every stage. However it remains a useful description of the general progression of dementia.
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Early dementia
Often this phase is only apparent in hindsight. At the time it may be missed, or put down to old age, or overwork. The onset of dementia is usually very gradual, and it is often impossible to identify the exact time it began.
The person may:
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Appear more apathetic, with less sparkle
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Lose interest in hobbies and activities
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Be unwilling to try new things
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Be unable to adapt to change
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Show poor judgement and make poor decisions
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Be slower to grasp complex ideas and take longer with routine jobs
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Blame others for “stealing” lost items
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Become more self-centred and less concerned with others and their feelings
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Become more forgetful of details of recent events
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Be more likely to repeat themselves or lose the thread of their conversation
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Be more irritable or upset if they fail at something
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Have difficulty handling money
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Moderate dementia
At this stage the problems are more apparent and disabling.
The person may:
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Be more forgetful of recent events. Memory for the distant past generally seems better, but some details may be forgotten or confused
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Be confused regarding time and place
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Become lost if away from familiar surroundings
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Forget names of family or friends, or confuse one family member with another
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Forget saucepans and kettles on the stove. May leave gas unlit
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Wander around streets, perhaps at night, sometimes becoming lost
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Behave inappropriately, for example going outdoors in nightwear
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See or hear things that are not there
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Become very repetitive
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Be neglectful of hygiene or eating
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Become angry, upset or distressed through frustration
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Advanced dementia
At this third and final stage, the person is severely disabled and needs total care. The person may:
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Be unable to remember occurrences for even a few minutes, for instance forgetting that they have just had a meal
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Lose their ability to understand or use speech
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Be incontinent
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Show no recognition of friends and family
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Need help with eating, washing, bathing, toileting and dressing
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Fail to recognise everyday objects
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Be disturbed at night
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Be restless, perhaps looking for a long-dead relative
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Be aggressive, especially when feeling threatened or closed in
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Have difficulty walking, eventually perhaps becoming confined to a wheelchair
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Have uncontrolled movements
Immobility will become permanent, and in the final weeks or months the person will be bedridden.
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Remember
Some abilities remain, although many are lost as the disease progresses. The person still keeps their sense of touch and hearing, and their ability to respond to emotion.
Alzheimer’s Australia offers support, information, education and counselling. Contact the National Dementia Helpline on 1800 100 500.
Print version of this information
 Help Sheet - 1.8 Progression of dementia
PDF file, 197 KB, updated October 2009
© Alzheimer’s Australia 2005
Alzheimer’s Australia is responsible for the content of this Help Sheet.
This publication provides a general summary only of the subject matter covered. People should seek professional advice about their specific case. Alzheimer’s Australia is not liable for any error or omission in this publication.
created: 1 August 2007
updated: October 2009
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